Main object :
Finding the cause and treat it .
There is often no specific therapy.
Sometimes the patients were brought in irreversible condition.
Specific and supportive therapy.
Necessary treatment must be given immediately, even before all the diagnostic steps have been completed.
Diagnosis and treatment have to proceed concurrently.

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Diseases that cause meningeal irritation, usually without focal or lateralizing neurologic signs. CT Scan or MRI maybe normal or abnormal.
1. Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
2. Meningitis.
3. Encephalitis
Diseases that cause focal or lateralizing neurologic signs. CT scan and MRI usually abnormal.
1. Brain hemorrhage or massive infarction.
2. Brainstem infarction.
3. Brain abscess.
4. Epidural and subdural hemorrhage, [...]

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Diseases that cause no focal or lateralizing neurologic signs, usually with normal brainstem functions.
CT scan and cellular content of the CSF are normal.
1. Intoxication.
Alcohol, barbiturates, sedative, opiates.
2. Metabolic disturbances.
Anoxia, diabetic acidosis, hypoglycemia, uremia, hepatic failure, hypo and hypernatremia, profound nutritional deficiency.
3. Severe systemic [...]

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- Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy are still a common cause of maternal death.
- Pre-eclampsia complicates up to 8% of pregnancies in the developed world.
- Pre-eclampsia is associated with widespread endothelial dysfunction leading to placental ischaemia and multi-organ dysfunction.
- Magnesium Sulphate is the anticonvulsant of choice in prevention and treatment of eclamptic fits.
- The main [...]

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There is a condition called Cervical Syndrome. This is an UMN lesion. Let’s take a look.
Headache is a common symptom in patients suffering from cervical spine disorders. The percentage of headaches in association with degenerative changes of the cervical spine ranges from 13 to 79% and that in association with indirect trauma of the cervical [...]

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* Patients with acute stroke are at great risk of aspiration. All patients should remain NPO until a swallowing assessment is performed.
* Because of dysphagia, a temporary feeding tube may be required.
* If the patient remains at a significant aspiration risk for the foreseeable future, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube may be required.
* [...]

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Medical care for AIS occurs on a continuum, beginning in the prehospital setting and ending at home after discharge. Stroke centers and organized protocols for the acute and in-house treatment of stroke patients have been shown to decrease morbidity and mortality associated with stroke.
Patients who are eligible for treatment with rt-PA within 3 hours of [...]

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For the visualization of most neurologic diseases, MRI is the procedure of choice.
Great advantage over CT :
Provide better resolution of different structure within the brain and other structure.
Infarct can be seen at an earlier stage.
The degree of cooperation that is required to perform MRI limits its use in children and in the mentally confused or [...]

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Demonstrate : Hemorrhage
Edema
Abscess, tumor
Abscess, tumor
Size and position of ventricle
The radiation exposes is not significantly greater than that from plain photo.
Helical or spinal CT increases the speed of scanning procedure and makes possible the visualization of the brain vessel ( CT Angiography )

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Plain skull photo
Useful information is small.
Demonstrate : Fracture
Changes in skull contour
Bony erosion
Hyperostoses
Mastoiditis
Sinusitis
Changes in basal foramina
Plain spine photo
Demonstrate : Destructive lesion of the spine
Fracture, dislocation
Paget’s disease

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