Diseases that cause meningeal irritation, usually without focal or lateralizing neurologic signs. CT Scan or MRI maybe normal or abnormal.

1. Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
2. Meningitis.
3. Encephalitis

Diseases that cause focal or lateralizing neurologic signs. CT scan and MRI usually abnormal.

1. Brain hemorrhage or massive infarction.
2. Brainstem infarction.
3. Brain abscess.
4. Epidural and subdural hemorrhage, brain contusion.
5. Brain tumor.

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