Tuberculoma is a peculiar manifestation of tuberculosis which occurs in any solid organ of the body as well as in the lung. It is usually formed by conglomeration of several miliary tubercles, which form around the outer sheaths of the small cerebral blood vessels. The centre of the conglomeration becomes caseous. Caseous material gets inspissated and
sometimes liquified. A thick capsule may form around these lesions. The relative frequency of tuberculomas in the brain varies from country to country and its recent decrease in the Western countries must be correlated with the improved health standards, and striking decrease of tuberculosis in general, compared with conditions that prevailed 50 years ago.

Clinical sequelae of CNS tuberculomas are those of single or multiple intracranial mass lesions, primarily seizures and correlates of increased intracranial pressure. The features of the seizures can strongly suggest lesion location. Neuroimaging, especially MRI, is diagnostically indispensable, although biopsy remains the gold standard.

One study examining the clinical course of cerebral tuberculoma in patients with and without HIV infection found that cerebral tuberculoma in HIV-negative patients was more likely to be characterized by seizures.

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