Truthfully, skin diseases are the most disgusting things in medical field. The fact is there are so many skin diseases in our society. Some of them is related to the allergic reactions.

An allergic reaction is the body’s way of responding to an “invader.” When the body senses a foreign substance, called an antigen, the immune system is triggered. The immune system normally protects the body from harmful agents such as bacteria and toxins. Its overreaction to a harmless substance (an allergen) is called a hypersensitivity reaction, or an allergic, reaction.

Common symptoms of a mild allergic reaction include:

* Hives (especially over the neck and face)
* Itching
* Nasal congestion
* Rashes
* Watery, red eyes

Symptoms of a moderate or severe reaction include:

* Cramps or pain in the abdomen
* Chest discomfort or tightness
* Diarrhea
* Difficulty breathing
* Difficulty swallowing
* Dizziness or light-headedness
* Fear or feeling of apprehension or anxiety
* Flushing or redness of the face
* Nausea and vomiting
* Palpitations
* Swelling of the face, eyes, or tongue
* Weakness
* Wheezing
* Unconsciousness

Treatment of an allergic reaction begins with prevention. This includes diagnosing the specific allergen or allergens and avoiding exposure to them. For example, for a person who has been diagnosed with dust allergies, it may be recommended that they “allergy proof” their house by regularly having heating vents cleaned and eliminating carpeting and draperies, which can trap and hold dust.

Mild to moderate respiratory and skin symptoms of an allergic reaction can be treated with a variety of over-the-counter or prescription medications available in pill, liquid, and nasal spray forms. These include corticosteroids, antihistamines, decongestants, leukotriene modifiers, and cromolyn sodium.

Allergic reaction injections are may be prescribed for people who do not respond readily to less invasive medications. For anaphylactic reactions, injectable epinephrine is generally used. Allergic asthma may be treated with bronchodialators inhaled in a mist form.

I forgot about this term, actually. Fool on me. There was a patient who I can’t decide what diagnose she had. I can’t decide whether it is a hematoma or simply just local oedem. So, let’s get start for hematoma.

Hematoma is a collection of blood outside of a blood vessel. It occurs because the wall of a blood vessel wall, artery, vein or capillary, has been damaged and blood has leaked into tissues where it does not belong. The hematoma may be tiny, with just a dot of blood or it can be large and cause significant swelling.

Blood that escapes from the blood stream is very irritating and may cause symptoms of inflammation including pain, swelling and redness. Symptoms of a hematoma depend upon their location, their size and whether they cause associated swelling or edema.

For contusions (bruises), treatment consists of initially applying ice or cold packs a few times a day, to produce vasoconstriction (a reduction in arterial blood flow) which helps to decrease hemorrhage (bleeding) and edema (swelling).

In general, the quicker you apply ice after the injury, the less bleeding will result.

If possible, elevate the bruised limb. Blood will leave the area of the wound and there may be less swelling. Resting the limb will also help to prevent further injury.

If the area is still painful after about 48 hours, apply gentle heat with warm towels, a hot water bottle, or a heating pad. The heat is applied for 20 minutes at a time to promote absorption and repair. Since heat causes swelling and increases tissue fluid, which may impair function, hot compresses may be followed by cold applications to minimize the secondary effects of heat.

Pressure in the form of an elastic adhesive bandage may be helpful to reduce hemorrhage and swelling. If infection should develop in the wound, the signs and symptoms might be increasingly severe pain, a fever of 101 degrees or more, swelling with surrounding redness, and pus. If any of these signs appear, your physician should be notified to make sure there are no additional problems.

Pancreatitis is a common disease we can found at the nearest medical clinic. It is the sudden inflammation of pancreas. There is no specific treatment for it, though.

The most common symptom of acute pancreatitis is pain. Almost everybody with acute pancreatitis experiences pain.

# The pain may come on suddenly or build up gradually. If the pain begins suddenly, it is typically very severe. If the pain builds up gradually, it starts out mild but may become severe.

# The pain is usually centered in the upper middle or upper left part of the belly (abdomen). The pain may feel as if it radiates through to the back.

# The pain often begins or worsens after eating.

# The pain typically lasts a few days.

# The pain may feel worse when a person lies flat on his or her back.

While asking about a person’s medical history and conducting a thorough physical examination, the doctor will order a blood test to assist in the diagnosis. During acute pancreatitis, the blood contains at least three times the normal amount of amylase and lipase, digestive enzymes formed in the pancreas. Changes may also occur in other body chemicals such as glucose, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate. After the person’s condition improves, the levels usually return to normal.

Treatment for acute pancreatitis requires a few days’ stay in the hospital for intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and medication to relieve pain. The person cannot eat or drink so the pancreas can rest. If vomiting occurs, a tube may be placed through the nose and into the stomach to remove fluid and air.

Unless complications arise, acute pancreatitis usually resolves in a few days. In severe cases, the person may require nasogastric feeding—a special liquid given in a long, thin tube inserted through the nose and throat and into the stomach—for several weeks while the pancreas heals.

Acute Coronary Syndrome or ACS is different than Angina Pectoris. Angina Pectoris itself differ to Stable Angina Pectoris and Unstable Angina Pectoris. The UAP is include in ACS, but for the stable one is exclude it.

Acute coronary syndrome is a term used for any condition brought on by sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart. Acute coronary syndrome can describe chest pain you feel during a heart attack or chest pain you feel while you’re at rest or doing light physical activity (unstable angina).

Patients who have symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia and are given an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) may or may not have an ST elevation. (An ECG provides a graph of the heartbeat. Portions of the graph are labeled P, Q, R, S and T. An ST elevation describes a rise in a particular portion of this graph.) Most patients who have ST-segment elevation will ultimately develop a Q-wave acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). (The Q-wave describes another part of an ECG graph.) Patients who have ischemic discomfort without an ST-segment elevation are having either unstable angina, or a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction that usually leads to a non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.

Acute coronary syndrome thus covers the spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from unstable angina to non-Q-wave myocardial infarction and Q-wave myocardial infarction. These life-threatening disorders are a major cause of emergency medical care and hospitalization in the United States. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are very common manifestations of this disease.

Yesterday, a patient asked me about halitosis. It seems that he is troubled by his condition. I gave him some advice about halitosis. Well, is there any systemic drugs available for halitosis?

Most bad breath (also called halitosis) comes from something in your mouth. Food sticks between your teeth, around the gums and on your tongue. If you don’t brush and floss your teeth every day, this food can rot. The rotten bits of food cause a bad smell in your mouth. Rotten food also helps bacteria to grow in your mouth. This bacteria can cause gum disease (also called gingivitis). Gingivitis also causes bad breath.

The main treatment of bad breath coming from within the mouth is good oral hygiene. Aim to get into a regular habit of good oral hygiene – in particular teeth brushing and flossing.
Teeth brushing

Brush your teeth at least twice a day. Use a soft-tufted brush and a toothpaste that contains fluoride. The head of the brush should be small enough to get into all the areas of the mouth. Spend at least two minutes brushing, covering all areas (the inside, outside, and biting areas of each tooth). Pay particular attention to where the teeth meet the gum. Get a new toothbrush every 3-4 months. Many people find that an electric toothbrush does a better job than the traditional toothbrush, and so they have become popular.
Flossing

Floss your teeth at least once a day after brushing, and preferably twice a day. The aim is to clean the sides of the teeth where a toothbrush cannot get to, and clear the spaces between teeth (the interdental spaces) of debris. Some people who have not flossed before are surprised as to how much extra debris and food particles can be removed by flossing in addition to brushing.

Specific medical treatment depends, upon the cause. You also can do these steps :

Keep your mouth moist by:

* drinking water, and

* chewing sugarless gum or hard candy to stimulate the production of saliva.

* Avoid foods such as onions or garlic which may cause bad breath.

* Mouthwash provides a temporary way to mask bad breath odors, but it may not treat the underlying cause.

* Natural bad breath remedies include chewing on mint or parsley.

Refraction disorder can be a real problem for you. Just named it, myopia or nearsightedness, hypermetropia or farsightedness, and Astigmatism, can be so annoying if you don’t corrected it. The best way is to go to your ophthalmologist and checked your eye. The ophthalmologist will do some medical examination to your eye. The goal is to know your current diagnosis and do therapy for it. Each diagnosis has different examinations and therapies, so your doctor will make the best diagnosis for you.

There are three ways to corrected refraction disorders. Ophthalmologist will suggest you to use glasses with corrected lens, using Contact lenses, or by operation. Of course the simplest choice is by using glasses. Maybe this is the oldest technique to correct your vision. You can find glasses almost everywhere. You can start by looking at the nearest public market; usually there will be many optics in there. Department stores and other public stores also have many optics in there.

The best way to buy a glasses is by using ophthalmologist’s prescription. First you have to go to the nearest ophthalmologist so that the doctor can give you the prescription of your best corrected vision. After that, you can buy the glasses by yourself. Usually the doctor has related connection with a or some optics. If you don’t want to buy in that optic, you can buy it online. First thing is first. You have to decide about the frame model. You don’t want to look like some nerd right? Model is so important. Then you can choose your lenses.

If you don’t want to use glasses, you can use contact lenses. It is usually more expensive yet more stylish than using common glasses. You have to know how to take care your contact-lenses, though.

The third option would be by doing operation. There are many people have done it with minimal side effects.

I believe most of you people have heard the good effects of fasting. Yes, fasting is so healthy. It is good to rest your body once in a while.

A slower metabolic rate, more efficient protein production, an improved immune system, and the increased production of hormones contributes to this long-term benefit of fasting. In addition to the Human Growth Hormone that is released more frequently during a fast, an anti-aging hormone is also produced more efficiently.

The body rids itself of the toxins that have built up in our fat stores throughout the years. The body heals itself, repairs all the damaged organs during a fast. And finally there is good evidence to show that regulated fasting contributes to longer life. However, many doctors warn against fasting for extended periods of time without supervision.

There will be times during fasting in which the body will give you very uncomfortable symptoms – even severe. Yet in most cases these symptoms pass and you will end up feeling better than ever.

You must learn to listen to your body and discern when it is asking you to break the fast because there is trouble, and when it simply is going through the natural course of detoxification.

There are three kinds of refraction disorder, myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism. One thing is for sure, presbiopia is not in that group. Presbiopia is a degenerative disorder so the ophthalmologists didn’t put it in the refraction disorder group.

You have to constantly checking eye, especially when there is a problem with your view. If you go to ophthalmologist, the first thing the doctor do is to ask you for the problem. He or she will dig deeper for your information. Every doctor dream is to make diagnose by 75% of the answering and questioning. After the ophthalmologist finished the first step, then your eye will be examined. The first thing the doctor will do is to look in your eye using his or her tools. If there is nothing wrong with the anatomy and the nerve, then you will be checked for your refraction.

Usually there are more people who get myopia, or you can called it nearsightedness. The patient is usually complained about how they can’t see far away. This happen if the patients try to read words or letters from far away. This disorder is corrected with a negative Spheris lenses. There are three kinds of myopia, the low grade myopia or levior, the medium grade myopia or intermediate, and the high grade myopia or gravier. People who get high grade myopia or gravier myopia will find difficult in finding the right corrected Spheris lenses. So, sometimes, operation maybe the only key to corrected high grade myopia. Contact lenses can be a problem solving sometimes.

Hypermetropia is different from myopia, because the patient will have a chief complaint he or she can’t see from the close range. It is corrected with a positive Spheris lenses.

Other people will suffer from astigmatism. Astigmatism is a situation where the light is drop to many different angles of the retina. This could be a problem since astigmatism could come with myopia (nearsightedness) or hypermetropia (farsightedness). Astigmatism is corrected with cylinders lenses.

Diabetes could happen to anyone, including you! If you like to live all-you-can-eat-and-drink, then you are in trouble! Go to the nearest doctor, and have your blood sugar checked!

Insulin is the only therapy for Type I Diabetes Mellitus, because the beta pancreatic cells can’t produce any insulin. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus also using it for further treatment.

Types of insulin :

Rapid-acting insulin (such as insulin lispro, insulin aspart and insulin glulisine) starts working in 5 to 15 minutes. Insulin lispro and insulin aspart last 2 to 5 hours. Insulin glulisine lasts for 60 to 90 minutes.

Short-acting insulin (such as regular insulin) starts working in 30 to 60 minutes and lasts about 8 to 12 hours.

Intermediate-acting insulin (such as insulin NPH) starts working in 60 to 90 minutes and lasts up to 24 hours.

Long-acting insulin (such as insulin glargine and insulin detemir) starts working within 1 to 2 hours and lasts up to 24 hours.

Premixed insulin is a combination of 2 types of insulin (usually a rapid- or short-acting insulin and an intermediate-acting insulin)

One of the best sites to inject insulin is in your bottom or on the fat pad above your trouser line. These areas usually are quite fatty and tend to hurt the least. You are also most unlikely to mistakenly inject into a muscle.

Other sites that you may use in public are your abdomen or your thighs. You can adjust your clothing or inject through it.